What does this correlation tell you?

The correlation tells us that there is some kind of connection between the family income and SAT score. If the family brings in a higher income than there is a possibility that the SAT score could be higher.

Is this correlation evidence that having a high family income causes one to have high SAT scores?

No there is no correlation evidence that having a high family income causes a person to have a high SAT scores.

Is this correlation evidence that high SAT scores are a cause of higher income? Or, does this tell you something else? Explain your answer.

No it is not it just shows that there is a relationship between the two.

Explain why correlation alone is rarely sufficient to demonstrate cause.

Our text states that, Although correlation...