Laredo BIOL 2301 Chapter 3 lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are
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Description
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells
Building Maltose, a Double Sugar
Lipids
- Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are hydrophobic.
- A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids.
- A fatty acid consists of a carboxyl group and a long hydrocarbon chain.
- Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.
- The hydrocarbon chains of saturated fatty acids are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animals fats solid at room temperature.
- Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.
- Steroids are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.
DNA Structure
Part A: Which of the following is the largest unit of DNA organization? – Genome
Part B: A sugar, a phosphate, and a base are the components of a nucleotide.
Part C: A page is to a book as a gene is to the genome.
Part D: How many polynucleotides are found in one molecule of DNA? – two
Part E: Which of the following make up the back bone of a polynucleotide strand? – sugar and phosphate
Nucleic Acid
- Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
- The monomers of nucleic acids consist of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
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