Abstract

In the research conducted by Hansen and Hawkes, among the children who had been receiving non-maternal care, those who experienced formal group care had comparatively showed a most positive cognitive and behavioral outcome; while according to Bornstein and Hahn, infant care was neither universally hurtful nor helpful in child development. Although Hansen and Hawkes' research contained certain discrepancies that the result did not appear credible enough, Bornstein and Hahn's design was careful and comprehensive which made their conclusion convincible. Their findings had highlighted a set of possible consequences in adaptive behaviors of different care settings that the young children in America may now be experiencing. Their research would definitely be improved if a broader...