C155 PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE
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C155
Heart Failure Heart failure, as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA), is a condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump blood efficiently (What is Heart Failure, n.d.). It affects an estimated 26 million people across the globe (Aguanno & Samson, 2017). There can be several reasons for someone developing heart failure, from improperly working heart valves, to a myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, that can leave the heart muscle weakened. There are four different classifications of heart failure, from class 1, which may or may not cause any symptoms, and only minimally inhibits normal daily activities, to class 4, which causes significant outward symptoms and severely limits a persons ability to be active (What is Heart Failure, n.d.)....